Original descriptions of the classic signs of aortic valve insufficiency☆
Abstract
The valves of the heart and their diseases have generated a great deal of interest since ancient times. The early observations regarding valvular deformities were confined to the morbid changes with no reference to the hemodynamic significance. The classic clinical signs of aortic valve insufficiency indicating hemodynamic disturbances were described later. The historical background and original descriptions of these classic signs of aortic valve insufficiency are presented.
Keywords: aortic valve, aortic regurgitation, history of medicine, physical examination, Flint, Austin, de Musset, Alfred, Corrigan, Dominic, Duroziez, Paul-Louis, Quinke, Heinrich, Hill, Leonard
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☆ Medical Classics is coordinated by George Sternbach, MD, of Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
PII: S0736-4679(02)00679-0
doi:10.1016/S0736-4679(02)00679-0
© 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
