The Journal of Emergency Medicine
Volume 36, Issue 2 , Pages 207-214 , February 2009

Association of Injury Visits in Children and Child Maltreatment Reports

Presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies 2005 Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, May 2005.

  • Maria I. Spivey, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine/Child Protection and Forensic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding Address: Maria Spivey, md, St. Louis Children's Hospital, One Children's Place, St. Louis, MO 63110-1077
  • ,
  • Patricia G. Schnitzer, PHD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
  • ,
  • Robin L. Kruse, PHD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
  • ,
  • Paula Slusher, RN, MSN

      Affiliations

    • Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
  • ,
  • David M. Jaffe, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri

Received 2 August 2006 ,Revised 2 February 2007 ,Accepted 25 July 2007.

References 

  1. MacDorman MF, Minino AM, Strobino DM, Guyer B. Annual summary of vital statistics—2001. Pediatrics. 2002;110:1037–1052
  2. Danseco ER, Miller TR, Spicer RS. Incidence and costs of 1987–1994 childhood injuries: demographic breakdowns. Pediatrics. 2000;105:E27
  3. Agran PF, Winn DG, Anderson CL, Trent R, Walton-Haynes L. Rates of pediatric and adolescent injuries by year of age. Pediatrics. 2001;108:E45
  4. Agran PF, Anderson C, Winn D, Trent R, Walton-Haynes L, Thayer S. Rates of pediatric injuries by 3-month intervals for children 0 to 3 years of age. Pediatrics. 2003;111:E683–E692
  5. Powell EC, Tanz RR. Adjusting our view of injury risk: the burden of nonfatal injuries in infancy. Pediatrics. 2002;110:792–796
  6. Ballesteros MF, Schieber RA, Gilchrist J, Holmgreen P, Annest JL. Differential ranking of causes of fatal versus non-fatal injuries among US children. Inj Prev. 2003;9:173–176
  7. Scheidt PC, Harel Y, Trumble AC, Jones DH, Overpeck MD, Bijur PE. The epidemiology of nonfatal injuries among US children and youth. Am J Public Health. 1995;85:932–938
  8. Shanon A, Bashaw B, Lewis J, Feldman W. Nonfatal childhood injuries: a survey at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario. CMAJ. 1992;146:361–365
  9. Child maltreatment 2004 (Washington, DC: Administration on Children, Youth and Families). http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/pubs/cm04/index.htmAccessed July 17, 2006
  10. Schnitzer PG, Slusher P, Van Tuinen M. Child maltreatment in Missouri: combining data for public health surveillance. Am J Prev Med. 2004;27:379–384
  11. Missouri Department of Social Services, Division of Family Services. Child abuse and neglect in Missouri (report for calendar year 2002). Jefferson City, MO: Missouri Department of Social Services; 2003;
  12. National Research Council. Understanding child abuse and neglect (Panel on Research on Child Abuse and Neglect, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council). Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences; 1993;
  13. Landen MG, Bauer U, Kohn M. Inadequate supervision as a cause of injury deaths among young children in Alaska and Louisiana. Pediatrics. 2003;111:328–331
  14. Stiffman MN, Schnitzer PG, Adam P, Kruse RL, Ewigman BG. Household composition and risk of fatal child maltreatment. Pediatrics. 2002;109:615–621
  15. O'Neill JA, Meacham WF, Griffin JP, Sawyers JL. Patterns of injury in the battered child syndrome. J Trauma. 1973;13:332–339
  16. Ricci L, Giantris A, Merriam P, Hodge S, Doyle T. Abusive head trauma in Maine infants: medical, child protective, and law enforcement analysis. Child Abuse Negl. 2003;27:271–283
  17. Alexander R, Crabbe L, Sato Y, Smith W, Bennett T. Serial abuse in children who are shaken. Am J Dis Child. 1990;144:58–60
  18. Jenny C, Hymel KP, Ritzen A, Reinert SE, Hay TC. Analysis of missed cases of abusive head trauma. JAMA. 1999;281:621–626
  19. Jackson G. Child abuse syndrome: the cases we miss. Br Med J. 1972;2:756–757
  20. Benzel EC, Hadden TA. Neurological manifestations of child abuse. South Med J. 1989;82:1347–1351
  21. Brown GW, Malone P. Child head injuries: review of pattern from abusive and unintentional causes resulting in hospitalization. Alaska Med. 2003;45:9–13
  22. Peterson L, Ewigman B, Kivlahan C. Judgments regarding appropriate child supervision to prevent injury: the role of environmental risk and child age. Child Dev. 1993;64:934–950
  23. Saluja G, Brenner R, Morrongiello BA, Haynie D, Rivera M, Cheng TL. The role of supervision in child injury risk: definition, conceptual and measurement issues. Inj Control Saf Promot. 2004;11:17–22
  24. Johnson CF, Apolo J, Joseph JA, Corbitt T. Child abuse diagnosis and the emergency department chart. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1986;2:6–9
  25. Boyce MC, Melhorn KJ, Vargo G. Pediatric trauma documentation (Adequacy for assessment of child abuse). Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150:730–732
  26. Christopher NC, Anderson D, Gaertner L, Roberts D, Wasser TE. Childhood injuries and the importance of documentation in the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1995;11:52–57
  27. Solomons GS. Trauma and child abuse (The importance of the medical record). Am J Dis Child. 1980;134:503–505
  28. Limbos MA, Berkowitz CD. Documentation of child physical abuse: how far have we come?. Pediatrics. 1998;102:53–58
  29. Sidebotham PD, Pearce AV. Audit of child protection procedures in accident and emergency department to identify children at risk of abuse. BMJ. 1997;315:855–856
  30. McKinney A, Lane G, Hickey F. Detection of non-accidental injuries presenting at emergency departments. Emerg Med J. 2004;21:562–564
  31. Morrongiello BA, Ondejko L, Littlejohn A. Understanding toddlers' in-home injuries: II (Examining parental strategies, and their efficacy, for managing child injury risk). J Pediatr Psychol. 2004;29:433–446
  32. Peterson L, DiLillo D, Lewis T, Sher K. Improvement in quantity and quality of prevention measurement of toddler injuries and parental interventions. Behav Ther. 2002;33:271–297
  33. Friedlaender EY, Rubin DM, Alpern ER, Mandell DS, Christian CW, Alessandrini EA. Patterns of health care use that may identify young children who are at risk for maltreatment. Pediatrics. 2005;116:1303–1308
  34. Missouri Department of Social Services. Child abuse and neglect in Missouri report for calendar year 2001 (page 5). http://www.dss.mo.gov/re/pdf/can/cancy01.pdfAccessed January 26, 2007
  35. Hussey JM, Marshall JM, English DJ, et al. Defining maltreatment according to substantiation: distinction without a difference?. Child Abuse Negl. 2005;29:479–492
  36. Hampton RL, Newberger EH. Child abuse incidence and reporting by hospitals: significance of severity, class, and race. Am J Public Health. 1985;75:56–60
  37. Forjuoh SN. Child maltreatment related injuries: incidence, hospital charges, and correlates of hospitalization. Child Abuse Negl. 2000;24:1019–1025
  38. Libby AM, Sills MR, Thurston NK, Orton HD. Costs of childhood physical abuse: comparing inflicted and unintentional traumatic brain injuries. Pediatrics. 2003;112:58–65
  39. Newberger EH, Reed RB, Daniel JH, Hyde JN, Kotelchuck M. Pediatric social illness: toward an etiologic classification. Pediatrics. 1977;60:178–185
  40. Lane WG, Rubin DM, Monteith R, Christian CW. Racial differences in the evaluation of pediatric fractures for physical abuse. JAMA. 2002;288:1603–1609
  41. Department of Health, HM Government. Working together to safeguard children (A guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children). London, UK: The Stationery Office; 1999;
  42. King W, Reid C. National audit of emergency department child protection procedures. Emerg Med J. 2003;20:222–224

PII: S0736-4679(07)00641-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.07.025

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
Volume 36, Issue 2 , Pages 207-214 , February 2009