The Journal of Emergency Medicine
Volume 37, Issue 2 , Pages 139-143 , August 2009

Organophosphate Antidote Auto-Injectors vs. Traditional Administration: A Time Motion Study

  • Terri Rebmann, PHD, RN, CIC

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Biosecurity, Saint Louis University, School of Public Health, St. Louis, Missouri
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint Address: Terri Rebmann, phd, rn, cic, Curricular Affairs, Institute for Biosecurity, Saint Louis University, School of Public Health, 3545 Lafayette Suite 300, St. Louis, MO 63104
    • ,
  • Bruce W. Clements, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Center for Emergency Response and Terrorism, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, Missouri
    • ,
  • Jeffrey A. Bailey, MD, FACS

      Affiliations

    • United States Air Force Center for Sustainment of Trauma and Readiness Skills, Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
    • ,
  • R. Gregory Evans, PHD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Biosecurity, Saint Louis University, School of Public Health, St. Louis, Missouri

Received 25 January 2007 ,Revised 6 September 2007 ,Accepted 14 September 2007.

References 

  1. Okudera H, Morita H, Iwashita T, et al. Unexpected nerve gas exposure in the city of Matsumoto: report of rescue activity in the first sarin gas terrorism. Am J Emerg Med. 1997;15:527–528
  2. Taneda K. The sarin nerve gas attack on the Tokyo subway system: hospital response to mass casualties and psychological issues in hospital planning. Traumatology. 2005;11:75–85
  3. Stokes E, Gilbert-Palmer D, Skorga P, Young C, Persell D. Chemical agents of terrorism: preparing nurse practitioners. Nurse Pract. 2004;29:30–35
  4. Institute of Medicine. Chemical and biological terrorism (Research and development to improve civilian medical response). Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1999;
  5. Friedl KE, Hannan CJ, Schadler PW, et al. Atropine absorption after IM administration with 2-pralidoxime chloride by two automatic injector devices. J Pharm Sci. 1989;78:728–731
  6. Martin TR, Kastor JA, Kershbaum KL, et al. The effect of atropine administered with a standard syringe and self-injector device. Am Heart J. 1980;99:282
  7. Stuckey JG, Pitt M, Sloman G. Atropine solution administered with an automatic device in the coronary care unit. Am J Cardiol. 1973;32:988
  8. Nyberg A, Cassel G, Jeneskog T, et al. Pharmacokinetics of HI-6 and atropine in anaesthetized pigs after administration by a new autoinjector. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1995;16:635–651
  9. Meridian Medical Technologies. Prescribing Information, Mark I Kit. Auto-Injector (2006). www.meridianmeds.com/pdf/AtroPen_Pack_Insert.pdfAccessed December 30, 2006

 This study was partially funded by a grant from Meridian Medical Technologies, Inc.

PII: S0736-4679(08)00041-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.09.043

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
Volume 37, Issue 2 , Pages 139-143 , August 2009

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