Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of Emergency MedicineAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Circulatory shock.N Engl J Med. 2013; 369: 1726-1734
- Oxygen delivery and haemoglobin.Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2004; 4: 123-126
- Pathophysiology of microcirculatory dysfunction and the pathogenesis of septic shock.Virulence. 2014; 5: 73-79
- Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock.N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 1368-1377
- Counterpoint: should lactate clearance be substituted for central venous oxygen saturation as goals of early severe sepsis and septic shock therapy? No.Chest. 2011; 140 (discussion 13–9): 1408-1413
- Use of central venous oxygen saturation to guide therapy.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011; 184: 514-520
- Heterogeneity of gut capillary transit times and impaired gut oxygen extraction in endotoxemic pigs.J Appl Physiol. 1996; 81: 895-904
- Critical O2 delivery to skeletal muscle at high and low PO2 in endotoxemic dogs.J Appl Physiol. 1989; 66: 2553-2558
- Progressive hypoxemia limits left ventricular oxygen consumption and contractility.Circ Res. 1988; 63: 849-859
- Effect of endotoxin on systemic and skeletal muscle O2 extraction.J Appl Physiol. 1988; 65: 1377-1382
- Pathological supply dependence of systemic and intestinal O2 uptake during endotoxemia.J Appl Physiol. 1988; 64: 2410-2419
- PET studies of changes in cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism after unilateral microembolization of the brain in anesthetized dogs.Stroke. 1987; 18: 128-137
- Systemic and intestinal limits of O2 extraction in the dog.J Appl Physiol. 1987; 63: 387-394
- Multicenter study of central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) as a predictor of mortality in patients with sepsis.Ann Emerg Med. 2010; 55: 40-46.e1
- Monitoring tissue perfusion, oxygenation, and metabolism in critically ill patients.Chest. 2013; 143: 1799-1808
- Venous oxygen saturation and lactate gradient from superior vena cava to pulmonary artery in patients with septic shock.Shock. 2009; 31: 561-567
- Lacticacidosis: a clinically significant aspect of shock.Can Med Assoc J. 1964; 90: 673-675
- The significance of lacticacidemia in the shock syndrome.Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1965; 119: 1133-1141
- Excess lactate: an index of reversibility of shock in human patients.Science. 1964; 143: 1457-1459
- Serum lactate is associated with mortality in severe sepsis independent of organ failure and shock.Crit Care Med. 2009; 37: 1670-1677
- Persistent sepsis-induced hypotension without hyperlactatemia: is it really septic shock?.J Crit Care. 2011; 26: 435.e9-435.e14
- Lactate clearance and survival following injury.J Trauma. 1993; 35 (discussion 8–9): 584-588
- Prolonged lactate clearance is associated with increased mortality in the surgical intensive care unit.Am J Surg. 2001; 182: 481-485
- Severe sepsis and septic shock: review of the literature and emergency department management guidelines.Ann Emerg Med. 2006; 48: 28-54
- Lactate clearance vs central venous oxygen saturation as goals of early sepsis therapy: a randomized clinical trial.JAMA. 2010; 303: 739-746
- Early lactate-guided therapy in intensive care unit patients: a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010; 182: 752-761
- Multicenter study of early lactate clearance as a determinant of survival in patients with presumed sepsis.Shock. 2009; 32: 35-39
- Prognostic value and agreement of achieving lactate clearance or central venous oxygen saturation goals during early sepsis resuscitation.Acad Emerg Med. 2012; 19: 252-258
- Comparison of the effect of fluid resuscitation as guided either by lactate clearance rate or by central venous oxygen saturation in patients with sepsis [Chinese].Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2013; 25: 578-583
- A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock.N Engl J Med. 2014; 370: 1683-1693
- Central venous oxygen saturation: not easily replaced*.Crit Care Med. 2013; 41: 1570-1571
- Prevalence and characteristics of nonlactate and lactate expressors in septic shock.J Crit Care. 2012; 27: 344-350
- Whole blood lactate kinetics in patients undergoing quantitative resuscitation for severe sepsis and septic shock.Chest. 2013; 143: 1548-1553
- A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group.N Engl J Med. 1999; 340: 409-417
- Microcirculatory oxygenation and shunting in sepsis and shock.Crit Care Med. 1999; 27: 1369-1377
- Opening the microcirculation: can vasodilators be useful in sepsis?.Intensive Care Med. 2002; 28: 1208-1217
- A comparison of direct and indirect measurements of oxygen delivery and consumption: the effects of prostacyclin in two human volunteers.Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 1987; 188: 37-45
- Different effects of prostacyclin and phentolamine on delivery-dependent O2 consumption and skin microcirculation after cardiac surgery.Can J Anaesth. 1992; 39: 1023-1029
- Relationship between oxygen uptake and oxygen delivery in septic patients: effects of prostacyclin versus dobutamine.Crit Care Med. 1993; 21: 1658-1664
- The vascular laboratory in practice: a national survey in the Netherlands.Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2002; 24: 300-303
Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 07, 2014
Accepted:
June 29,
2014
Received in revised form:
June 10,
2014
Received:
February 27,
2014
Footnotes
J.M.M. conceived the study. J.M.M., B.D.W., and R.J. performed the literature review. J.M.M., B.D.W., and R.J. contributed to the drafting of the manuscript. J.M.M. takes responsibility for the paper as a whole. Institutional review board approval was waived for this review article.
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.