Abstract
Background
Mumps is a Paramyxoviridae virus. This disease was rampant prior to introduction of the measles, mumps, and
rubella vaccine, resulting in decreased incidence. This disease has demonstrated several
outbreaks.
Objective
This review provides a focused evaluation of mumps, an update on outbreaks, management
recommendations, and ways to decrease transmission.
Discussion
Clusters of mumps outbreaks continue to occur. The virus is a paramyxovirus, a single-stranded
RNA virus. The vaccine can provide lifelong immunity if administered properly, though
prior to 1967 and introduction of the vaccine, the virus was common. In the past decade,
there have been several notable outbreaks. Humans are the only known hosts, with disease
spread through exposure to droplets and saliva. Factors affecting transmission include
age, compromised immunity, time of year, travel, and vaccination status. Upper respiratory
symptoms, fever, and headache are common, with unilateral or bilateral parotitis,
and the virus may spread to other systems. Diagnosis is clinical, though polymerase
chain reaction and immunoglobulin testing are available. This review provides several
recommendations for vaccine in pregnancy, patients living in close quarters, health
care personnel, and those immunocompromised. Treatment is generally supportive, with
emphasis on proper isolation to prevent widespread outbreaks. Although reporting regulations
and procedures vary by state, mumps is reportable in most states.
Conclusions
Mumps is an easily spread virus. Although vaccination is the most effective way to
prevent transmission, early recognition of the disease is crucial. As an emergency
physician, it is important to recognize the clinical presentation, recommended testing,
treatment, and isolation procedures.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: October 27, 2017
Accepted:
August 11,
2017
Received:
August 7,
2017
Footnotes
This review does not reflect the views or opinions of the U.S. government, Department of Defense or its Components, U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, or SAUSHEC EM Residency Program.
Identification
Copyright
Published by Elsevier Inc.
