Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a common first-line technique for reducing the need
for intubation in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with respiratory
failure. If NIV fails, intubation is inevitable and is associated with multiple complications,
including severe hypoxemia. Preoxygenation can prevent severe hypoxemia in healthy
patients undergoing anesthesia, but it is less effective in critically ill patients.
Conventional NIV masks must be removed prior to intubation, but a specially designed
mask could allow for NIV to be used as a method of oxygenation during fiberoptic bronchoscopy
(FOB)-guided nasotracheal intubation.
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